Which simple machine specifically multiplies distance at the expense of force?

The inclined plane is the correct choice because it is designed to allow a load to be raised over a height gradually, rather than lifting it vertically. In doing so, the inclined plane enables a person to exert a smaller force over a longer distance compared to lifting the load straight up.

When using an inclined plane, the length of the slope is greater than the height the object is raised; therefore, while the input force is decreased, the distance traveled by the input force is increased. This is a clear demonstration of how the inclined plane functions: it trades off distance for force, making it easier to lift heavy objects.

Other options, while they can also manipulate force and distance, do not specifically illustrate this principle in the same way. For example, levers can multiply force but do not necessarily involve traveling a longer distance, and pulleys can change the direction of force, allowing for easier lifting without altering distance and force simultaneously. The wheel and axle serves more to reduce friction and facilitate movement than to specifically multiply distance at the expense of force. Thus, the inclined plane is the best fit for the question posed.